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''Rainbow'' is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Mariah Carey. It was released on November 2, 1999, by Columbia Records. The album followed the same pattern as Carey's previous album, ''Butterfly'' (1997), in which she began her transition into the R&B market. ''Rainbow'' contains a mix of hip-hop-influenced R&B jams, as well as a variety of slow ballads. On the album, Carey worked with David Foster and Diane Warren, who replaced Walter Afanasieff, the main balladeer Carey worked with throughout the 90s. As a result of her separation from her husband, Tommy Mottola, Carey had more control over the musical style of this album, so she collaborated with several artists such as Jay-Z, Usher, and Snoop Dogg. On Carey's previous album, ''Butterfly'', she began incorporating several other genres, including R&B and hip-hop, into her musical repertoire. In order to further push her musical horizons, Carey featured Jay-Z on the album's lead single, the first time in her career that another artist was featured on one of her lead singles. Carey wrote ballads that were closer to R&B than pop for this album, and worked with Snoop Dogg and Usher on songs such as "Crybaby" and "How Much", both of which featured strong R&B beats and grooves. Several of the ballads that Carey wrote during this period, including "Thank God I Found You" (written with Terry Lewis) and "After Tonight" (written with Diane Warren), mirrored sentiments she experienced in her personal life. Upon release, ''Rainbow'' received mixed to positive reviews from contemporary music critics. While many celebrated Carey's continued musical departure from her adult contemporary past, some felt the album was not as strong or as distinct as ''Butterfly''. The album debuted at number two on the ''Billboard'' 200, with first week sales of 323,000. It was her first album in years to not reach number one. ''Rainbow'' was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of three million copies within the United States. Outside the US, the album debuted atop the charts in France, and within the top five in Australia, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. In Europe, ''Rainbow'' was certified platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), denoting shipments of one million copies throughout the continent. As of 2004, the album has sold in excess of seven million copies worldwide. Five singles were released from the album. The album's lead single, "Heartbreaker" featuring Jay-Z, became Carey's fourteenth number-one hit on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and topped the charts in Canada, New Zealand, and Spain. "Thank God I Found You", featuring Joe and 98 Degrees, also topped the Hot 100, but achieved moderate international charting. The next two singles, "Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme) and "Crybaby" featuring Snoop Dogg, were released as a double A-side. The songs were at the center of a public feud in between Carey and Sony due to Sony's alleged weak promotion of the singles. Carey's cover of Phil Collins "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" with Westlife peaked at number one in Ireland and the United Kingdom. ==Background== Since her debut in 1990, Carey's career was heavily calculated and controlled by her husband and head of her label Sony Music Entertainment, Tommy Mottola. For years, Carey's albums had consisted of slow and meaningful ballads, devoid of any guest appearances or hip-hop. In January 1995, as she recorded ''Daydream'', Carey began taking more control over her musical style and genre influences.〔 She enlisted the production skills and rap styles of Ol' Dirty Bastard, who was featured on the remix of her song "Fantasy". While Mottola was hesitant at first, Carey's influence paid off:〔 the song became an international chart topper, with critics calling their joint performance one of the pioneering songs of pop and R&B musical collaborations. During the recording and production of Carey's ''Butterfly'' in 1997, the couple separated, leaving Carey an extended amount of control over the unfinished album.〔 Following their separation, Carey began working with younger hip-hop and R&B producers and songwriters, aside from her usual work with balladeers Walter Afanasieff and Kenneth Edmonds. While the album incorporated several different genres and components that were not present in Carey's previous releases, ''Butterfly'' also included a balance of her classic ballads and newer R&B-infused jams.〔 While Sony accepted Carey's new collaborations with writers and producers such as P. Diddy and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, they continued to focus their promotion on the ballads. After "Honey", the debut single from ''Butterfly'', was released in August 1997, Sony halted the release of the succeeding R&B-influenced jams, and released the ballad "My All" as the second worldwide single. ''Rainbow'' followed in its predecessors' footsteps, becoming even more drenched in modern hip-hop and R&B.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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